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La recherche spatiale revêt un caractère stratégique, ses applications sont multiples et son rôle dans la formation d'une communauté de haut niveau est indiscutable. La nécessité d'une politique spatiale ambitieuse à l'échelle de l'Union élargie, gardant un accès autonome à l'Espace, a donc été affirmée par le Livre blanc pour une politique spatiale européenne, élaboré en 2004 par la Commission européenne et l'Agence spatiale européenne. Cependant, il apparaît à l'Académie des sciences qu'il faut insister sur la nécessité de faire les efforts nécessaires en termes de moyens humains, financiers et d'évolution des structures, afin que la recherche spatiale européenne puisse conserver sa compétitivité. Le présent rapport constitue une explicitation de la position de l'Académie, qui a entrepris une réflexion sur les recherches scientifiques utilisant les moyens spatiaux, réflexion divisée en deux étapes : - la première partie de cet ouvrage propose une série de recommandations sur l'organisation générale de la recherche spatiale et son financement ; - la seconde partie analyse la recherche spatiale française en dégageant les forces et faiblesses, et en s'appuyant sur des rapports préliminaires par discipline rédigés par les spécialistes impliqués dans ces recherches. Pour chaque discipline, un rapport synthétique et des recommandations spécifiques ont été élaborés. Des recommandations générales sont également présentées. Les activités liées à l'Espace dépassent aujourd'hui largement la recherche spatiale, même si celle-ci a été l'élément moteur de leur développement initial : c'est pourquoi ce rapport apporte de larges développements sur la recherche utilisatrice de l'espace et ne traite des infrastructures spatiales, de leur technologie et des programmes opérationnels que dans la mesure où ils ont des liens et/ou des implications forts avec la recherche spatiale.
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The Standard Model of Particle of Physics (SM), despite its success, still fails to provide explanations for some essential questions such as the nature of dark matter or the overabundance of matter over anti-matter in the universe. Therefore, experimental testing of this theory will remain a cornerstone of particle physics in the upcoming decades. A central approach is via collisions of elementary particles at the highest-possible centre-of-mass energies and rates. At the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), protons are accelerated to up to 7 TeV and are brought to collision 40 million times a second. Characterisation of the particles emerging from these collisions allow one to infer the underlying physical interactions. The particle energies are measured with calorimeters, themselves an integral component of the scientific programme of the LHC and prerequisite for its success. Facing increased radiation levels and more challenging experimental conditions after the upcoming High Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider, the CMS collaboration will soon replace its current calorimeter endcaps with the High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL) in the mid 2020s. This thesis documents two milestones towards the realization of this novel and ambitious calorimeter concept: Prototypes of the silicon-based compartment have been built, operated in particle beam and ultimately its design could be validated. Furthermore, the thesis demonstrates the applicability of a specific set of deep learning algorithms for the generative modelling of granular calorimeter data. Besides the main results themselves, the thesis discusses in detail the associated experimental infrastructure and the underlying data reconstruction strategy and algorithms. It also incorporates short introductions to particle physics at the LHC, to calorimeter concepts and to the CMS HGCAL upgrade.
Space research --- Physics --- fysica --- ruimte (astronomie) --- Calorimeters.
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This book sheds new light on an amazing history, only partially known in the west: Russian cosmonautics and its spectacular record. From Laika, the cosmonaut dog, to Yuri Gagarin, the first man in space, to Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman in space, to the first spacewalk, the Soviets set many goals that they subsequently achieved. But there are shadows behind these headline moments, moments involving human loss, some of which are known, others only rumored. Questions remain, such as: What was the "flying coffin?" What secrets are still hidden inside the Russian archives, despite two rounds of declassification? Why didn't Marina Popovich "Madame Mig" become a cosmonaut? What problems made it necessary to film Valentina Tereshkova's return? What (scientific) hypotheses exist concerning Gagarin's mysterious disappearance? The author addresses all of these issues, with help from the documents now available.
Space research --- Cosmology --- ruimte (astronomie) --- kosmologie --- Astronautics.
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659.8 --- Satellieten --- Space research --- satellieten --- informatieve jeugdliteratuur
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The author illustrates in non-technical terms how physicists hope to identify the nature of the mysterious form of matter that goes under the name of dark matter, and that seems to permeate the Universe.
Space sciences. --- Science and space --- Space research --- Cosmology --- Science --- Astronomy
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Space research --- beroepsprofielen --- studie- en beroepsoriëntering --- ruimtevaart --- aardrijkskunde
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This book is intended for readers who want to learn more about fourth-generation nuclear reactors without having to delve deeply into nuclear technology. These nuclear reactors are a number of visionary concepts for which special criteria have been set by the Generation IV International Forum with regard to safety, sustainability and economic efficiency. The book therefore describes, among other things, innovative water- and liquid-metal-cooled reactors, high-temperature and molten-salt reactors, and discusses their significance for the economy and society. The author imparts relevant basic knowledge of nuclear technology and then uses some illustrative examples to show what future opportunities this fourth generation of nuclear reactors will offer, but also what challenges will be associated with it. About the author Prof. Dr. -Ing. Thomas Schulenberg studied physics and mechanical engineering and received his doctorate in the field of sodium-cooled reactors. During his fourteen-year industrial career, he developed gas turbines for conventional power plants. Since 2000, Prof. Schulenberg was the head of the Institute for Nuclear and Energy Technology at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, where he lectured on conventional power plant technology as well as nuclear power plant technology. As a member of the steering committee for fourth-generation water-cooled reactors, he was actively involved in the Generation IV International Forum for many years. This book is a translation of an original German edition. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation.
Space research --- Physics --- fysica --- ruimte (astronomie) --- Nuclear reactors.
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Introduction.- Related Work.- Theory.- Methodology.- Results.- Discussion & Conclusion.
Space research --- Cosmology --- Astrophysics --- astrofysica --- ruimte (astronomie) --- kosmologie --- Astronomy --- Science
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Trucs en experimenten met ballonnen zijn leuk voor jong en oud. Hoe je nu objecten in beweging kunt krijgen door puur de kracht van een leeglopende ballon? Altijd leuk om mee bezig te zijn! Deze ballon boot is leuk voor in bad, zwembad of waterspeeltafel. Alles wat je verder nodig hebt zit in deze set inbegrepen: Plaats het mondstukje op het uiteinde van de ballon. Blaas de ballon op en bevestig deze aan de boot. Plaats de boot op het water en geef 'm een klein zetje en varen maar! Herhaal dit zo vaak je wilt. Gaat de ballon kapot? Geen nood alle reguliere ballonnen passen er op. Geschikt voor kinderen vanaf 3 jaar maar om zelfstandig hier mee aan de slag te gaan adviseren wij een leeftijd vanaf 7/8 jaar.https://www.trendyspeelgoed.nl/Ballon-boot.html
Vervoer --- Transport --- Luchtvaart --- Ruimtevaart --- Heelal --- Telecommunication technology --- Mass communications --- Space research --- Air traffic --- Transport. Traffic
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The chemical composition of the Universe has evolved over billions of years. A host of astrophysical processes and observations must be understood in order to explain why celestial objects have the chemical compositions observed. Originally published in 2004, this book contains the lectures delivered at the XIII Canary Islands Winter School of Astrophysics, which was dedicated to reviewing current knowledge about the origin and evolution of the chemical elements in the Universe. Written by seven prestigious astrophysics researchers, it covers cosmological and stellar nucleosynthesis, abundance determinations in stars and ionised nebulae, chemical composition of nearby and distant galaxies, and models of chemical evolution of galaxies and intracluster medium. This is a timely review of developments in cosmochemistry over the last decade.
Cosmochemistry --- Nuclear astrophysics --- Nucleosynthesis --- Galaxies --- Evolution --- Space sciences. --- Science and space --- Space research --- Cosmology --- Science --- Astronomy
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